Endnotes

1. Address, Testimonial Dinner for Congressman John Dow, Sterling Forest, New York, May 2, 1965
   
   
2. Wang, C, & Daro, D (1998). "Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities: The results of the 1997 annual fifty-state survey." National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse; Wang, C, & Daro, D (1997). "Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities: The results of the 1996 annual fifty-state survey." National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse; Wang, C, & Daro, D (1996). "Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities: The results of the 1995 annual fifty-state survey." National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse.
   
   
3. Wang, C, & Daro, D (1998). "Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities: The results of the 1997 annual fifty-state survey." National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse.
   
   
4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Child Maltreatment 1997: Reports from the States to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.
   
   
5. Massachusetts Department of Social Services (DSS)(2000). Child Maltreatment Statistics 1987-1999. [composite report compiled for Massachusetts Citizens for Children]. (henceforth DSS, Child Maltreatment Statistics 2000).
   
   
6. DiNatale and Hock Research (1998). "Public Opinion and the State of Children in Massachusetts in 1998." Boston, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Citizens for Children.
   
   
7. The University of Massachusetts Poll (2000). "Public Opinion About Child Abuse in Massachusetts in 2000." Boston, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Citizens for Children.
   
   
8. The Stride Rite Foundation (2000). "Strategies for Children": 14.
   
   
9. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, unpublished data.
   
   
10. Massachusetts Department of Social Services (DSS) (1998). 1997 Child Maltreatment Statistic. iv. (henceforth DSS, Child Maltreatment Statistics 1997.).
    
    
11. FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Program (1999). Uniform Crime Report.
    
    
12. Wang, C, & Harding, K (1999). "Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities; results of the 1998 annual fifty-state survey." National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse.
    
    
13. DSS, Child Maltreatment Statistics 1997.
    
    
14. Kilpatrick, J (November 1996). "From the Mouths of Victims: What Victimization Surveys tell us about Sexual Assaults and Sex Offenders." 15th Annual Research and Treatment Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers. (henceforth "From the Mouths of Victims.").
    
    
15. Felitti, J, Anda, R, Nordenberg, D, et. al. (1998). "Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults; The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study."American Journal of Preventive Medicine 14 (4). (henceforth "The ACE Study.").
    
    
16. DSS, Child Maltreatment Statistics 1997.
    
    
17. Finkelhor, D (1994). "Current Information on the Scope and Nature of Child Sexual Abuse." The Future of Children. 4(2). (henceforth " The Scope and Nature of Child Sexual Abuse.").
    
    
18. Ibid, 57.
    
    
19. Ibid.
    
    
20. Ibid.
    
    
21. National Center on Child Abuse Prevention and Research at Prevent Child Abuse America (2000). Child Neglect. Chicago, IL.
    
    
22. Ibid.
    
    
23. Ibid.
    
    
24. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect (1993). Pediatrics. 92: 872-875.
    
    
25. Duhaime, AC, Gennarelli, TA, Thibault, LE, Bruce, DA, Marguiles, SS, & Wiser, R (1987). Journal of Neurosurgery. 66:409-415.
    
    
26. Dias MS, & Barthauer L (December 1999). "Western New York/Finger Lake Regional Shaken Baby Education Project." State University of New York at Buffalo and University of Rochester. (unpublished data). (henceforth "Western New York/Finger Lake Regional Shaken Baby Education Project.").
    
    
27. Wang, C, & Daro, D (1998). "Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities: The results of the 1997 annual fifty-state survey." National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse.
    
    
28. Finkelhor, D, and Jones, L (2001). "The Decline in Child Sexual Abuse Cases. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
    
    
29. Ibid.
    
    
30. Beckett, K (1996). "Culture and politics of signification: The case of child sexual abuse." Social Problems. 43:57-75; Myers, JB, (1994). The Backlash: Child Protection Under Fire.: Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    
    
31. Ibid.
    
    
32. " The Scope and Nature of Child Sexual Abuse."
    
    
33. "From the Mouths of Victims." (citing D. Finkelhor).
    
    
34. Briere, JN, and Elliott, DM (Summer/Fall 1994). "Immediate and Long-Term Impacts of Child Sexual Abuse." The Future of Children, Sexual Abuse of Children 4(2): 59.
    
    
35. Ibid, 56. (citing Barahal, R, Waterman, J, and Martin, H (1981). "The social-cognitive development of abused children." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 49:508-16; Oates, RK, Forest, D, & Peacock A (1985). "Self-esteem of abused children." Child Abuse & Neglect 9:159-63.
    
    
36. Ibid, 60.
    
    
37. Garbarino, J, Guttman, E, & Seeley, J (1987). The Psychologically Battered Child. San Francisco: Jossey-Boass Publishers.
    
    
38. Meyers, M, & Bernier, J (1990). Preventing Child Abuse: A Resource for Policymakers and Advocates. Massachusetts Committee For Children and Youth: 17. (henceforth Preventing Child Abuse).
    
    
39. Katz, M (1997). "Overcoming Childhood Adversities: Lessons Learned from Those Who Have "Beat the Odds." Intervention in School and Clinic 32:4 (205-210)
    
    
40. Nash, MJ (February 3, 1997). "How a Child's Brain Develops," Time Magazine: 51.
    
    
41. Perry, B, et al. (1995). "Childhood Trauma: The Neurobiology of Adaptation." Infant Mental Health Journal 16: 271. (henceforth"Childhood Trauma: The Neurobiology of Adaptation").
    
    
42. "Childhood Trauma: The Neurobiology of Adaption."
    
    
43. Ibid.
    
    
44. van der Kolk, B, Crozier, JM, & Hopper, J, PhD. "Child Abuse in America: Prevalence, Costs, Consequences, and Intervention." Brookline, Massachusetts: The Trauma Center at HRI/Boston University School of Medicine. (henceforth "Child Abuse in America").
    
    
45. Garner, DM, and Garfinkel PE, eds. (1985). Handbook of Psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia. London: Guilford Press.
    
    
46. "Child Abuse in America."
    
    
47. Healthy Child Care America (January 1998) 3(1). (henceforth Healthy Child Care America).
    
    
48. "Childhood Trauma: The Neurobiology of Adaption."
    
    
49. Ibid.
    
    
50. Ibid.
    
    
51. Healthy Child Care America.
    
    
52. Ibid.
    
    
53. Perry, B (May 30, 1999). "Stress of Violence Tied to Changes in Children's Brains." Boston Sunday Globe.
    
    
54. Brownlee, S. "The Biology of Soul Murder." US News Online: 8-12. (henceforth "The Biology of Soul Murder").
    
    
55. Healthy Child Care America.
    
    
56. Ibid.
    
    
57. "Child Abuse in America."
    
    
58. "Childhood Trauma: The Neurobiology of Adaptation."
    
    
59. "Child Abuse in America."
    
    
60. "Childhood Trauma: The Neurobiology of Adaptation" iv-v.
61. Daro, D (1998). Confronting Child Abuse. London: The Free Press. 154.
    
    
62. "The ACE Study."
    
    
63. "Child Abuse in America." (citing McCord's study, 1983).
    
    
64. Widom, CS (1992). "The Cycle of Violence." United States Department of Justice.
    
    
65. Preventing Child Abuse.
    
    
66. "Child Abuse in America" 10.
    
    
67. "Child Abuse in America" 1-7, 10 (Table 2).
    
    
68. "The Biology of Soul Murder."
    
    
69. Katz, M (1997). "New Insights Into Childhood Risk and Adversities and Into the Lives of Those who Have Overcome Them." On Playing a Poor Hand Well: Insights from the Lives of Those Who Have Overcome Childhood Risks and Adversities. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
    
    
70. Ibid.
    
    
71. Carlson, BE (1984). "Children's observations of Interpersonal Violence." Battered Women and Their Families. AR Roberts, ed. New York: Springer Publishing.
    
    
72. Strauss, MA (1992). "Children as witnesses to marital violence: A risk factor for lifelong problems among a nationally representative sample of American men and women." Children and Violence: Report of the Twenty-third Ross Round on Critical Approaches to Common Pediatric Problems. DF Schwartz, ed. Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories.
    
    
73. Office of the Commissioner of Probation (1997). "Children Affected by Domestic Violence Report."
    
    
74. Edelson, JL (February 1999). "The Overlap Between Child Maltreatment and Women Battering." Violence Against Women 5:134-54.
    
    
75. Physical violence in American families.
    
    
76. "Children Affected by Domestic Violence." (citing McKibben, DeVos and Newberger, 1987).
    
    
77. National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research at Prevent Child Abuse America (September, 2000). "Domestic Violence and Child Abuse and Neglect." Chicago, IL.
    
    
78. Ibid.
    
    
79. Gazmararian, JA, Lazorik, S, Spitz, AM, Ballard, TJ, Saltzman, LE, and Marks, JS (June 26, 1999). Prevalence of Violence Against Pregnant Women. JAMA 275 (24): 1915-1920.
    
    
80. Campbell, J (August 1995). "Addressing Battering During Pregnancy: Reducing Low Birth Weight and Ogoing Abuse." Seminars in Perinatology 19 (4): 301-306.
    
    
81. Strauss, MA & Gelles, RJ (1990). Physical violence in American families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. (henceforth Physical violence in American families).
    
    
82. Ibid.
    
    
83. Margolin, G (1998). "Effects of Domestic Violence on Children." Violence Against Children in the Family and the Community. Washington DC: American Psychological Association. 57-102. (citing McCloskey, Figueredo, and Doss (1995).
    
    
84. U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect (1995). "A Nation's Shame: Fatal Child Abuse and Neglect in the United Sates." Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services. (henceforth "A Nation's Shame: Fatal Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States").
    
    
85. Ibid.
    
    
86. Perry, BD (July 2000). "The Neuroarcheology of Childhood Maltreatment: The Neurodevelopmental Costs of Adverse Childhood Events." (citing Kilpatrick and Williams, 1998).
    
    
87. Whitney, P, and Davis, L (May 1999). "Child Abuse and Domestic Violence in Massachusetts: Can Practice Be Integrated in a Public Child Welfare Setting?" Child Maltreatment 4(2): 158-166. (henceforth "Child Abuse and Domestic Violence in Massachusetts.").
    
    
88. Ibid.
    
    
89. Heller, J, Gyurina, CH, and M Rosenbaum (1997). Survey of Department of Social Services Social Workers, Supervisors, and Area Program Managers on the Use of Domestic Violence Specialist, Domestic Violence Protocols, and Understanding of Domestic Violence in DSS Caseloads. Boston, Massachusetts: Department of Social Services.
    
    
90. "Child Abuse and Domestic Violence in Massachusetts."
    
    
91. "Children Affected by Domestic Violence."
    
    
92. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (January 1999). No Safe Haven: Children of Substance-Abusing Parents. New York, NY. (henceforth No Safe Haven.).
    
    
93. Ibid.
    
    
94. Ibid.
    
    
95. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (1996). Substance abuse and the American Woman. New York, NY.
    
    
96. Miller, MM, & Potter-Efron, RT (1990). Aggression and violence associated with substance abuse. In Potter-Efron, RT, & Potter-Efron, PS, eds. Aggression, family violence and chemical dependency. New York: The Haworth Press.
    
    
97. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (1998). Behind Bars: Substance abuse and America's prison population. New York, NY.
    
    
98. Ibid.
    
    
99. Miller, BA, Maguin E, & Downs, W (1997). Alcohol, drugs, and violence in children's lives. In Galanter, M, ed. Recent developments in alcoholism: Alcohol and violence. New York: Plenum Press; Thompson, M, & Kingree, JB (1998). "The frequency and impact of violent trauma among pregnant substance abusers." Addictive Behaviors 23(2): 257-262.
    
    
100. Miller, BA, & Downs, WR (1993). "The impact of family violence on the use of alcohol by women." Alcohol Health and Research World 17(2):137-143.
     
     
101. Browne, A, & Finkelhor, D (1986). "Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research." Psychological Bulletin 99(1): 66-77.
     
     
102. No Safe Haven.
     
     
103. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (January 2001). Shoveling Up: The Impact of Substance Abuse on State Budgets. New York, NY.
     
     
104. The Better Homes Fund (1999). Homeless Children: America's New Outcasts. Newton, Massachusetts. (henceforth Homeless Children.).
     
     
105. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office for Administration and Finance (December, 1999). Homelessness in Massachusetts, Who are the Homeless in Massachusetts? Boston, Massachusetts.
     
     
106. Massachusetts Citizens for Children (1986). No Place Like Home: A Report on the Tragedy of Homeless Children and Their Families in Massachusetts. Boston, Massachusetts.
     
     
107. Homeless Children.
     
     
108. Ibid.
     
     
109. Ibid.
     
     
110. Ibid.
     
     
111. Ibid.
     
     
112. "Child Abuse in America."
     
     
113. Homeless Children. Quoting unpublished data from the Worcester Family Research Project. Newton, Massachusetts: The Better Homes Fund.
     
     
114. Petit, M, and Curtis, P (1997). Child Abuse and Neglect: A Look at the States. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America Press. 72-75.
     
     
115. Ibid.
     
     
116. Bassuk, E, Weinreb, L, Buckner, J, Browne, A, Salomon, A, and Bassuk, S (1996). "The characteristics and needs of sheltered homeless and low-income housed mothers." Journal of the American Medical Association 276(8): 640-646. (henceforth "The characteristics and needs of sheltered homeless.").
     
     
117. Bassuk, E, Buckner, J, Weinreb, L, Browne, A, Bassuk, S, Dawson, R, and Perloff, J (1997). "Homelessness in female-headed families: children and adult risk and protective factors." American Journal of Public Health 87(2): 241-248.
     
     
118. "The characteristics and needs of sheltered homeless and low-income housed mothers."
     
     
119. Ibid.
     
     
120. Ibid.
     
     
121. Bassuk, E, Buckner, J, Perloff, J, and Bassuk, S, (1998). "Prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders among homeless and low-income housed mothers." The American Journal of Psychiatry 155(11):1561-1564.
     
     
122. Bassuk, E, Weinreb, L, Dawson, R, and Buckner, J (1997). "Determinants of behavior in homeless and low-income housed preschool children." Pediatrics 100(1): 92-100.
     
     
123. Weinreb, L, Goldberg, R, Bassuk, E, and Perloff, J (1998). "Determinants of health and service use patterns in homeless and low-income housed children." Pediatrics 102(3): 554-562.
     
     
124. Buckner, J, and Bassuk, E, (1997). "Mental disorders and service utilization among youths from homeless and low-income housed families." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36(7): 890-900.
     
     
125. Homeless Children.
     
     
126. Ibid.
     
     
127. Homeless Children. Quoting unpublished data from the Worcester Family Research Project. Newton, Massachusetts: The Better Homes Fund.
     
     
128. M.G.L. Chapter 119, 51A.
     
     
129. DSS, Child Maltreatment Statistics 2000.
     
     
130. This represents children who may have been reported more than once for the same incident of abuse or neglect or children who were reported more than once for different types of abuse.
131. M.G.L. Chapter 119, 51B.
     
     
132. Epstein, H (Winter 1999). "Issue Brief: A Child Advocate's Guide to State Child Protective Services Reform." National Association of Child Advocates: 3. (henceforth "Issue Brief: A Child Advocate's Guide to State Child Protective Services Reform.").
     
     
133. Waldfogel, J (January/February 2000). "Reforming Child Protective Services." Child Welfare Volume LXXIX (1): 44. (henceforth "Reforming Child Protective Services.").
     
     
134. "Issue Brief: A Child Advocate's Guide to State and Child Protective Services Reform" 2.
     
     
135. "Child Abuse and Neglect - Protecting Massachusetts Children." Massachusetts KIDS COUNT Report, 1998.
     
     
136. "Issue Brief: A Child Advocate's Guide to State Child Protective Services Reform," 2.
     
     
137. Ibid.
     
     
138. "Reforming Child Protective Services" 47.
     
     
139. Ibid. 44.
     
     
140. "Issue Brief: A Child Advocate's Guide to State Child Protective Services Reform" 3.
     
     
141. Ibid.
     
     
142. Ibid.
     
     
143. Morton, T (December 1999). "Embracing the Challenge of Child Safety." Child Welfare Institute.
     
     
144. Institute of Applied Research (January 1998). Missouri Child Protection Services Family Assessment and Response Demonstration- Impact Evaluation: 7. (henceforth Missouri Impact Evaluation.).
     
     
145. Ibid.
     
     
146. Ibid.
     
     
147. Holden, W, and Morton, T (February 1999). "Designing a Comprehensive Approach to Child Safety." National Resource Center on Child Maltreatment: 5.
     
     
148. Ibid.
     
     
149. Ibid.
     
     
150. Ibid.
     
     
151. Special Committee on Family Support and the Child Welfare System (November 1992). From Crisis to Opportunity: Recommendation for Promoting Child and Family Well-Being in Massachusetts: 16. (henceforth From Crisis to Opportunity.).
     
     
152. Vermont District of Social Services (2000). "Visitation and/or Contact Protocols." O.U.R. House of Central Vermont, Inc. Barre, Vermont.
     
     
153. California Attorney General's Office (July, 1994). "Child victim witness investigative pilot projects: Research and evaluation final report." Sacramento, California.
     
     
154. Massachusetts Department of Social Services (DSS). Task Force on Multidisciplinary Assessment: Final Report, 1996. (henceforth DSS, Final Report 1996.).
     
     
155. Ibid.
     
     
156. Ibid.
     
     
157. Ibid.
     
     
158. Ibid.
     
     
159. Florida Department of Public Health: Children's Medical Services. CPT Statistical Reports, 1997-1999. (henceforth Florida CPT Statistical Reports 1997-1999.).
     
     
160. Ibid.
     
     
161. Ibid.
     
     
162. Ibid.
     
     
163. Ibid.
     
     
164. Ibid.
     
     
165. DSS, Final Report 1996.
     
     
166. Cross, T, and Spath, R (1998). Evaluation of Massachusetts' Sexual Abuse Intervention Network. Unpublished Manuscript, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. (henceforth Evaluation of Massachusetts' Sexual Abuse Intervention Network.).
     
     
167. Ibid.
     
     
168. Ibid.
     
     
169. Ibid.
     
     
170. Ibid. (citing Sheppard and Zangrillo (1996)).
     
     
171. Ibid.
     
     
172. Ibid.
     
     
173. Ibid.
     
     
174. The Massachusetts Chapter of the National Network of Children's Advocacy Centers and The Massachusetts Department of Social Services (May 1997).
     
     
175. DSS, Final Report 1996.
     
     
176. Ibid.
     
     
177. Ibid.
     
     
178. Ibid.
     
     
179. Field study conducted by Massachusetts Citizens for Children (Summer 2000).
     
     
180. Personal Communication with Dr. Edward Bailey, May 2000.
     
     
181. (November 27, 2000). "Congress Weighs Boost in Funds for Children's Hospitals." Boston Globe.
     
     
182. Ibid.
     
     
183. Ibid.
     
     
184. Massachusetts Department of Social Services (DSS) (1996). Request for Proposal (RFP) for DSS Area Multidisciplinary Assessment Teams. [RFP presented to the Massachusetts Department of Social Services 1998]; DSS, Task Force on Multidisciplinary Assessment: Final Report. (henceforth Request for Proposal(RFP) for DSS Area Multidisciplinary Assessment Teams.).
185. DSS, Final Report 1996.
     
     
186. Request for Proposal (RFP) for DSS Area Multidisciplinary Assessment Teams.
     
     
187. DSS, Child Maltreatment Statistics 1997.
     
     
188. Massachusetts Department of Social Services (DSS) (1999). Multidisciplinary Assessment Teams Evaluation Phase II: Team Member Survey.
     
     
189. Ibid.
     
     
190. Ibid.
     
     
191. Ibid.
     
     
192. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts House Post Audit and Oversight Bureau (1998). Preliminary Report. Boston, Massachusetts: Department of Social Services; The Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1992). Report of the Senate Committee on Post Audit and Oversight: Social Worker Caseload and Resource Availability at the Department of Social Services. Boston, Massachusetts.
     
     
193. Massachusetts Governor's Commission on Foster Care (1993). Final Report. Boston, Massachusetts. (henceforth Governor's Commission on Foster Care).
     
     
194. Michaels, N, and Carey, J (May 16, 2000). "Memorandum re: Family Based Services and Multidisciplinary Assessment Teams." Massachusetts Department of Social Services.
     
     
195. Florida CPT Statistical Reports 1997-1999.
     
     
196. Keaney, W (1994). "Rescuing Families Instead of Children; Building Family Support into Protective Services." Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
     
     
197. Governor's Commission on Foster Care.
     
     
198. Child Welfare League of America (1996). CWLA Standards of Excellence for Services for Abused or Neglected Children and Their Families. Washington, DC. 137.
     
     
199. Governor's Commission on Foster Care.
     
     
200. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Board of Registration of Social Workers Rules and Regulations: CMR 258-12:00.
     
     
201. Casey Family Program, Annie E. Casey Foundation (March, 2000). "Facts About Foster Care: National Foster Care Awareness Project." (henceforth "Facts About Foster Care.").
     
     
202. Ibid.
     
     
203. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families (1997). Child Maltreatment 1999: Reports from the States to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
     
     
204. Casey Family Programs (2001). Lighting the Way: Attracting and Supporting Foster Families. Seattle, Washington.
     
     
205. Massachusetts Department of Social Services (1998). Demographic Report on Consumer Populations. (henceforth Demographic Report on Consumer Populations.).
     
     
206. Petit, MR, Curtis, PA (1997). Child Abuse and Neglect: A Look at the States. 1997 CWLA Stat Book. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America. 7.
     
     
207. Prentky, RA, Knight, RA, Sims-Knight, JE, Straus, H, Rokous, F, and Circe, D (1989). "Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Aggression." Development and Psychopathology 1:153-169.
     
     
208. Massachusetts Department of Social Services (1998). Demographic Report on Consumer Populations.
     
     
209. "Facts About Foster Care."
     
     
210. Ibid.
     
     
211. Casey Family Programs (2001). Lighting the Way: Attracting and Supporting Foster Families. Seattle, Washington.
     
     
212. National Adoption Center (2001). "Faces of Adoption: America's Waiting Children."
     
     
213. US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Log. No. ACYF-PI-CB-98-01.
     
     
214. Congressional Record-House, pp. H11148-9, September 25, 1996.
     
     
215. Based on informational interviews conducted with several members of the Professional Advisory Council during the summer of 2000 by Massachusetts Citizens for Children.
     
     
216. The North Carolina Fatality Task Force was able to conclude from the data that the leading cause of death to children was from bicycle and motor vehicle accidents, and their finding led to the passage of legislation requiring minors under the age of 19 to wear bicycle helmets.
     
     
217. Report of the Gender Bias Study of the Supreme Judicial Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1989): 59.
     
     
218. The Wellesley Center for Women ( Fall/Winter 2000). "Research Report." 22(1): 6. 217
     
     
219. Care and Protection of Isaac, (1995) 419 Mass. 602, 646 N.E. 2d 1034.
     
     
220. Care and Protection of Jeremy, (1995) 419 Mass 616, 646 N.E. 2d 1029.
     
     
221. Beinecke, RH (1999). "Children and Youth in Massachusetts Residential Treatment Centers: Who They are and Recommendations for Improving the Quality of Care: A Survey of Massachusetts Children's Residential Treatment Providers." Suffolk University Department of Public Management for The Children's League of Massachusetts, Inc." Boston.
     
     
222. Knox, R, and Dember, A (June 4, 2000). "Trapped in mental ward." Boston Globe.
     
     
223. Ibid.
     
     
224. Bronfenbrenner, U (1979). "The ecology of human development." Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Cicchetti, D, and Lynch, M (1993). "Toward an ecological/transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment: Consequences for children's development." Psychiatry 56: 96-118; Harvey, M (1996). "An ecological view of psychological trauma and trauma recovery." Journal of Traumatic Stress 9:3-23 ; Henngeler, SW, et al. (1998). Multisytemic Treatment of Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents. NY: Guildford Press.
     
     
225. Saxe,G (April 2000). A Lecture on Treating Traumatized Children. Waltham, Massachusetts, Chairman, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine.
     
     
226. Ibid.
     
     
227. Bourduin, CM, Mann, BJ, Cone, LT, Henggeler, SW, Fucci, BR, Blaske, DM, and Williams, RA (1995). "Multisystemic treatment of serious juvenile offenders: Long term prevention of criminality and violence." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 63: 569-578.
     
     
228. Brunk, M, Henggeler, S, and Whelan, J (1987). "Comparison of multisystemic therapy and parent training intervention in the treatment of child abuse and neglect." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55: 171-178.
     
     
229. Saxe, G (April 2000). A Lecture on Treating Traumatized Children, April, 2000. Waltham Massachusetts, Chairman, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine.
     
     
230. Ibid.
     
     
231. Carlson, EB, et al. (1997). "A Conceptual Framework for the Long-Term Psychological Effects of Traumatic Child Abuse." Child Maltreatment: 272, 277.
     
     
232. See Mark Katz (March 31, 2000). "Overcoming Childhood Adversities: Lessons Learned from Those Who Beat the Odds." Remarks at Massachusetts Committee on Children and Youth Symposium. See also, Katz, M (1997). On Playing a Poor Hand Well: Insights from the Lives of those Who Have Overcome Childhood Risks and Adversities. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 5-9.
     
     
233. Pfefferbaum, B (1997). "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children: A Review of the Past 10 Years." 36 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1503, 1509.
     
     
234. See Mark Katz (March 31, 2000). "Overcoming Childhood Adversities: Lessons Learned from Those Who Beat the Odds." Remarks at Massachusetts Committee on Children and Youth Symposium. See also, M. Katz (1997). On Playing a Poor Hand Well: Insights from the Lives of those Who Have Overcome Childhood Risks and Adversities. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
     
     
235. Cole, SF, and Gadd, MG (2000). "Uncovering the Roots of School Violence." New England Law Review 34: 601-614, 609..
     
     
236. van der Kolk, B (January 16, 2001). Remarks at conference, "Helping Traumatized Children Learn." Sponsored by Lesley University Center for Special Education, the Massachusetts Advocacy Center, and the Task Force on Children Affected by Domestic Violence.
     
     
237. Craig, S (September, 1992). "The Educational Needs of Children Living with Violence." Phi Delta Kappan: 67-71, 68.
     
     
238. Boykin-McCarthy, J. Emancipatory Learning: A Study of Teachers' Perspective Shifts Regarding Children of Battered Women. (Doctoral Dissertation, The Fielding Institute).
     
     
239. van der Kolk, B (1994). "The Body Keeps Score: Memory and the Evolving Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress." (Available on-line: www.trauma-pages.com/vanderk4.htm).
     
     
240. van der Kolk, B. Remarks at conference, "Helping Traumatized Children Learn." See also, Fish-Murray, C, Koby, E and van der Kolk, B (1987). Psychological Trauma. van der Kolk, B, ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc. 89-110, 105.
     
     
241. Ibid. Programs such as "model mugging" and "urban improv" are being studied for their ameliorative potential for addressing trauma symptoms.
     
     
242. Perry, B, et al. (2000). "Positive Developmental Effects of a Brief Music and Movement Program at a Public School: A Pilot Project of the Neighborhood Arts Enrichment Program." (Available online: http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/cta/neigh_arts.htm).
     
     
243. Boykin-McCarthy, J (January 16, 2001). Remarks at "Helping Traumatized Children Learn."
     
     
244. van der Kolk, B (January 16, 2001). Remarks at "Helping Traumatized Children Learn."
     
     
245. Large numbers of traumatized children are diagnosed as having learning disabilities and ADHD, and the co-morbidity between the two is high. See e.g., Biederman, J, et al. (1991). "Comorbidity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Conduct, Depressive, Anxiety, and Other Disorders." American Journal of Psychiatry 148: 564-7; Famularo R, Kinscherff, R, Fenton, T (1992). "Psychiatric Diagnoses of Maltreated Children: Preliminary Findings." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 31:863-867.of 244
     
     
246. Allen, ML, Brown, P, and Findlay, B (1992). "Helping Children by Strengthening Families: A Look at Family Support Programs." Children's Defense Fund. (henceforth "Helping Children by Strengthening Families.").
     
     
247. Ibid.
     
     
248. Ibid.
     
     
249. Ibid.
     
     
250. Urban Institute (1997). National Survey of America's Families. Washington, DC. 249
     
     
251. "Helping Children by Strengthening Families."
     
     
252. Family Preservation and Support Act of 1993.
     
     
253. Massachusetts Special Committee on Family Support and the Child Welfare System (1992). Executive Summary, From Crisis to Opportunity: Recommendations for Promoting Child and Family Well Being in Massachusetts. Boston, MA.
     
     
254. Bing, S (1999). "Trust the Village to Raise a Child: Creation of a Strength-Based Family Support System." Massachusetts Special Committee on Family Support and the Child Welfare System. Boston, MA.
     
     
255. "Helping Children by Strengthening Families."
     
     
256. Edna McConnell Clark Foundation (Fall 1999). "Individualized Courses of Action: Enhancing the Way We Work." Community Partnerships for Protecting Children 4 (1).
     
     
257. Welty, K (Spring 1997). "Family Group Decision Making: Implications for Permanency Planning." North American Council on Adoptable Children.
     
     
258. Wilder Research Center (1998). "Family Support Project Evaluation Final Report." Minnesota.
     
     
259. Missouri Impact Evaluation.
     
     
260. Schorr, L (1998). "Community Connections: Working together to support Massachusetts Families."
     
     
261. Ibid.
     
     
262. Massachusetts Department of Education, (2001) Early Learning Services.
     
     
263. Sedlak, A, Broadhurst, D (1996). Third National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-3):Executive Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families.
     
     
264. National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research at Prevent Child Abuse America (1999). "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About Healthy Families America." Chicago, IL.
     
     
265. Olds, D, Eckenrode, J, Henderson, C Jr., et al. (1997). "Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: 15-year follow-up of a randomized trial." Journal of the American Medical Association 278: 637-43.
     
     
266. Massachusetts Special Committee on Family Support and the Child Welfare System (1992). Executive Summary, From Crisis to Opportunity: Recommendations for Promoting Child and Family Well Being in Massachusetts. Boston, MA.
     
     
267. Behavior Associates (1976). "Evaluation of Parents Anonymous." Tucson, Arizona.
     
     
268. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Center for Health Services Research (1977). "Evaluation of Child Abuse and Neglect Demonstration Projects 1974-1977": 84-89.
     
     
269. Bavolek, S (November 2000). "The Nurturing Parenting Programs." Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention.
     
     
270. "Western New York/Finger Lake Regional Shaken Baby Education Project."
     
     
271. Vermont Partnership for an Abuse Free State (May 2000). "The 10 Best things Vermonters Are Doing to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuses: A Guide to Making a Difference - for Parents, Community Members, and Professionals." Montpelier, VT.
     
     
272. Nemerofsky, A, Carran, D., Rosenberg, L (1994). "Age Variation in Performance Among Preschool Children in a Sexual Abuse Prevention Program." Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 3(1).
     
     
273. Citizens for Juvenile Justice (January 2000). "Issue Briefing: DSS Gateway to Juvenile Crime." Boston. (henceforth " DSS Gateway to Juvenile Crime".)
     
     
274. Ibid.
     
     
275. Preventing Child Abuse.
     
     
276. "Child Abuse in America."
     
     
277. "DSS Gateway to Juvenile Crime".
     
     
278. Ibid.
     
     
279. Ibid.
     
     
280. Ibid.
     
     
281. Jasinsky, J, and Siegel, W L. "Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse as Risk Factors for Heavy Drinking Among African American Women: A Prospective Study." Child Abuse and Neglect 24 (8): 1061- 1062.
     
     
282. DeParle, J (November 28, 1999). "Early Sex Abuse Hinders Many Women on Welfare." New York Times. (henceforth "Early Sex Abuse Hinders Many Women on Welfare.").
     
     
283. Ibid. 2.
     
     
284. Ibid.
     
     
285. "Western New York/Finger Lake Regional Shaken Baby Education Project."
     
     
286. "Child Abuse in America."
     
     
287. Ibid. (citing the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse, 1994).
     
     
288. Ibid.
     
     
289. Ibid.
     
     
290. Ibid. (citing the National Institute of Justice, 1996).
     
     
291. National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research at Prevent Child Abuse America. Chicago, IL.
     
     
292. Remarks upon signing the Maternal and Child Health and Mental Retardation Planning Bill into law, October 24, 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents: 1963, p. 811.

 

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